Chinthu chotchedwa "lanthanum"

Dziko losowa, fanizo lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, linganenedwe kuti ndi mavitamini a mafakitale ngati mafuta ndi magazi a mafakitale. Zitsulo za rare earth ndi gulu la zitsulo, zomwe zimakhala ndi zinthu 17 pa tebulo la zinthu zamankhwala, mongalanthanum, cerium, ndi praseodymium, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zamagetsi, petrochemicals, metallurgy ndi madera ena. Zinthu izi zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukweza magwiridwe antchito ndi magwiridwe antchito a zinthu ndi njira zosiyanasiyana.

Asayansi amatha kupeza njira zatsopano zogwiritsira ntchito zitsulo za rare earth zaka zitatu kapena zisanu zilizonse, ndipo chimodzi mwa zinthu zisanu ndi chimodzi zilizonse chimadalira zitsulo za rare earth. Izi zikusonyeza kuti zitsulo za rare earth zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo ndi zatsopano.

China ili ndi zitsulo zambiri za rare earth, zomwe zili pamalo oyamba padziko lonse lapansi pankhani ya zosungira, kuchuluka kwa zopangira, komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu zotumizidwa kunja. Izi sizikuwonetsa zachilengedwe zambiri za China komanso zikuwonetsa luso lake lalikulu pakukumba, kukonza, ndi kugawa zitsulo za rare earth. Nthawi yomweyo, China ndi dziko lokhalo lomwe lingapereke zitsulo zonse 17 za rare earth, makamaka zitsulo za rare earth zolemera komanso zogwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pankhondo.

Udindo waukulu pankhaniyi wakopa chidwi chachikulu ndi nsanje kuchokera kumayiko ena.

Chinthu cha “lanthanum” chinatchedwa mu 1839 pamene mwamuna wa ku Sweden dzina lake Moisander anapeza kuti dziko lapansi la cerium lili ndi zinthu zina. Iye anabwereka mawu achigiriki otanthauza “zobisika” kuti atchule chinthu cha “Lanthanum”, chisankho chomwe chinasonyeza sitepe yofunika kwambiri pakugawa ndi kumvetsetsa zinthu za mankhwala.

Kugwiritsa ntchito lanthanum n'kofala kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mu zipangizo za piezoelectric, zimathandiza kusintha mphamvu ya makina kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi ndipo mosiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yofunika kwambiri muMasensa ndi ma actuator. Mu zipangizo zotenthetsera, lanthanum imathandizira kusintha kutentha ndi kukhazikika. Mu zipangizo zotenthetsera, imathandizira kusintha kutentha kukhala magetsi. Mu zipangizo zotsutsana ndi maginito, imasintha mphamvu zamaginito, pomwe mu zipangizo zowala (LAN powder), imapanga kuwala kowala komanso kogwira mtima. Lanthanum ndiyofunikanso mu zipangizo zosungiramo haidrojeni, zomwe zimathandiza kusunga ndi kutulutsa haidrojeni bwino. Mu galasi lowala, imapangitsa kuti chizindikiro cha refractive ndi kumveka bwino. Mu zipangizo za laser, imalola kupanga kuwala kwa laser kwamphamvu komanso kolondola. Kuphatikiza apo, lanthanum imagwiritsidwa ntchito muzinthu zosiyanasiyana za alloy kuti iwonjezere mphamvu zawo, kulimba, ndi zina. Lanthanum imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pokonzekera zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe monga chothandizira, kuthandizira machitidwe a mankhwala ndikukweza zokolola zazinthu. Kuphatikiza apo, lanthanum imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mafilimu aukadaulo akunja, omwe awonetsa zotsatira zabwino pakukulitsa kukula ndi chitetezo cha mbewu. M'maiko akunja, asayansi apatsa gawo la lanthanum mu mbewu dzina la "super calcium", ndikugogomezera kufunika kwake pakugwiritsa ntchito ulimi.